by: Jay S. Cohen M.D.

Chocolate: A Health Food?

     I'm a chocolaholic. I've been a lover of chocolate in its myriad forms from before I can remember. As a kid, it didn't get any better than a box of chocolate chip cookies and a glass of milk. So I was intrigued by recent articles about chocolate's newly discovered health benefits. I'd certainly like to believe that chocolate is good for me. And why not? Even Andrew Weil recommends dark chocolate.
     Headline grabbing stories in 2002 about chocolate's new-found health benefits stemmed from a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.1 The study was small, comprising only 23 subjects, and it was funded by the American Cocoa Research Institute. The abstract (summary) of the article, which is what most people read, stated that cocoa and chocolate, when added to a healthy diet, provided antioxidant benefits and increased the good HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol. One antioxidant benefit was to impede the harmful, atherosclerosis-accelerating oxidation of LDL (low density lipoprotein cholesterol, the bad cholesterol). These were the findings that the media trumpeted.
     But a closer look at the article wasn't quite as encouraging. The authors acknowledged that the beneficial effects from chocolate were small at best. "It is important to note that the clinical significance of these small differences in indexes of oxidation status remain to be clarified." Meaning that the small differences might have no significance at all. And regarding the so-called benefits of increasing HDL, these weren't significant, as the researchers noted: "the cocoa-chocolate diet had neutral effects on lipids and lipoproteins."

"I'd certainly like to believe that chocolate is good for me.
And why not? Even Andrew Weil says so."

     In fact, as if anticipating that this study might be over-hyped, the journal headed the issue with an editorial to put the findings in perspective. In "How good is chocolate?" nutrition expert Paul Nestel noted that plants supply many thousands of healthful substances to the human diet. It is well known that soy, grapes, tea, onions, apples, citrus and many others are rich sources of antioxidants, so it's not surprising that cocoa contains an antioxidant, too. How important is the antioxidant in chocolate? Nestel questioned the importance of chocolate's modest effects on LDL oxidation. He further asked, "Given that there are thousands of flavonoids in the foods that we eat ... should each new finding be greeted as an encouragement to eat that particular source because it contains a special flavonoid?"